Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

FAIR VALUES OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

v3.19.3
FAIR VALUES OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUES OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FAIR VALUES OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
See Note 17 “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value rarely transfer between Level 1 and Level 2 measurements. There were no such transfers during the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Assets and Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized below:
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 
Netting Adjustments (1)
 
September 30, 2019
(dollar amounts in millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
$

 
$
89

 
$

 
$

 
$
89

Other securities
29

 

 

 

 
29

 
29

 
89

 

 

 
118

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
10

 

 

 

 
10

Residential CMOs

 
6,724

 

 

 
6,724

Residential MBS

 
2,393

 

 

 
2,393

Commercial MBS

 
1,239

 

 

 
1,239

Other agencies

 
117

 

 

 
117

Municipal securities

 
58

 
3,094

 

 
3,152

Asset-backed securities

 
540

 
55

 

 
595

Corporate debt

 
52

 

 

 
52

Other securities/sovereign debt

 
4

 

 

 
4

 
10

 
11,127

 
3,149

 

 
14,286

Other securities
54

 

 

 

 
54

Loans held for sale

 
963

 

 

 
963

Loans held for investment

 
53

 
27

 

 
80

MSRs

 

 
8

 

 
8

Derivative assets

 
1,112

 
11

 
(546
)
 
577

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities

 
628

 
3

 
(504
)
 
127

 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 
Netting Adjustments (1)
 
December 31, 2018
(dollar amounts in millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
$
1

 
$
27

 
$

 
$

 
$
28

Other securities
77

 

 

 

 
77

 
78

 
27

 

 

 
105

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
5

 

 

 

 
5

Residential CMOs

 
6,999

 

 

 
6,999

Residential MBS

 
1,255

 

 

 
1,255

Commercial MBS

 
1,583

 

 

 
1,583

Other agencies

 
126

 

 

 
126

Municipal securities

 
275

 
3,165

 

 
3,440

Asset-backed securities

 
315

 

 

 
315

Corporate debt

 
53

 

 

 
53

Other securities/sovereign debt

 
4

 

 

 
4

 
5

 
10,610

 
3,165

 

 
13,780

Other securities
22

 

 

 

 
22

Loans held for sale

 
613

 

 

 
613

Loans held for investment

 
49

 
30

 

 
79

MSRs

 

 
10

 

 
10

Derivative assets
21

 
474

 
5

 
(291
)
 
209

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
11

 
390

 
3

 
(217
)
 
187


(1)
Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle positive and negative positions and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
The tables below present a rollforward of the balance sheet amounts for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, for financial instruments measured on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3. The classification of an item as Level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. However, Level 3 measurements may also include observable components of value that can be validated externally. Accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology.
 
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
(dollar amounts in millions)
MSRs
 
Derivative
instruments
 
Municipal
securities
 
Asset-backed
securities
 
Loans held for investment
Opening balance
$
9

 
$
9

 
$
3,202

 
$

 
$
28

Transfers out of Level 3 (1)

 
(20
)
 

 

 

Total gains/losses for the period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
(1
)
 
19

 
(1
)
 

 

Included in OCI

 

 
24

 

 

Purchases/originations

 

 
28

 
55

 

Sales

 

 

 

 

Repayments

 

 

 

 
(1
)
Settlements

 

 
(159
)
 

 

Closing balance
$
8

 
$
8

 
$
3,094

 
$
55

 
$
27

Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date
$
(1
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period
$

 
$

 
$
23

 
$

 
$

 
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
(dollar amounts in millions)
MSRs
 
Derivative
instruments
 
Municipal
securities
 
Loans held for investment
Opening balance
$
11

 
$
1

 
$
3,178

 
$
34

Transfers out of Level 3 (1)

 
(12
)
 

 

Total gains/losses for the period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings

 
9

 
(1
)
 

Included in OCI

 

 

 

Purchases/originations

 

 
260

 

Sales

 

 

 

Repayments

 

 

 
(2
)
Settlements

 
3

 
(160
)
 

Closing balance
$
11

 
$
1

 
$
3,277

 
$
32

Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date
$

 
$
(3
)
 
$

 
$


 
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
(dollar amounts in millions)
MSRs
 
Derivative
instruments
 
Municipal
securities
 
Asset-backed
securities
 
Loans held for investment
Opening balance
$
10

 
$
2

 
$
3,165

 
$

 
$
30

Transfers out of Level 3 (1)

 
(44
)
 

 

 

Total gains/losses for the period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings
(2
)
 
50

 
(1
)
 

 

Included in OCI

 

 
70

 

 

Purchases/originations

 

 
136

 
55

 

Sales

 

 

 

 

Repayments

 

 

 

 
(3
)
Settlements

 

 
(276
)
 

 

Closing balance
$
8

 
$
8

 
$
3,094

 
$
55

 
$
27

Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date
$
(2
)
 
$
6

 
$

 
$

 
$

Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for assets held at the end of the reporting period
$

 
$

 
$
68

 
$

 
$

 
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
(dollar amounts in millions)
MSRs
 
Derivative
instruments
 
Municipal
securities
 
Asset-
backed
securities
 
Loans held for investment
Opening balance
$
11

 
$
(1
)
 
$
3,167

 
$
24

 
$
38

Transfers out of Level 3 (1)

 
(26
)
 

 

 

Total gains/losses for the period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings

 
25

 
(3
)
 
(2
)
 

Included in OCI

 

 
(37
)
 
11

 

Purchases/originations

 

 
539

 

 

Sales

 

 

 
(33
)
 

Repayments

 

 

 

 
(6
)
Settlements

 
3

 
(389
)
 

 

Closing balance
$
11

 
$
1

 
$
3,277

 
$

 
$
32

Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$


(1)
Transfers out of Level 3 represent the settlement value of the derivative instruments (i.e. interest rate lock agreements) that is transferred to loans held for sale, which is classified as Level 2.
The tables below summarize the classification of gains and losses due to changes in fair value, recorded in earnings for Level 3 assets and liabilities for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:
 
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
(dollar amounts in millions)
MSRs
 
Derivative
instruments
 
Municipal
securities
Classification of gains and losses in earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage banking income
$
(1
)
 
$
19

 
$

Interest and fee income

 

 
(1
)
Total
$
(1
)
 
$
19

 
$
(1
)
 
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
(dollar amounts in millions)
MSRs
 
Derivative
instruments
 
Municipal
securities
Classification of gains and losses in earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage banking income
$

 
$
9

 
$

Other expense

 

 
(1
)
Total
$

 
$
9

 
$
(1
)

 
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
(dollar amounts in millions)
MSRs
 
Derivative
instruments
 
Municipal
securities
Classification of gains and losses in earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage banking income
$
(2
)
 
$
50

 
$

Interest and fee income

 

 
(1
)
Total
$
(2
)
 
$
50

 
$
(1
)

 
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
(dollar amounts in millions)
MSRs
 
Derivative
instruments
 
Municipal
securities
 
Asset-backed
securities
Classification of gains and losses in earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage banking income
$

 
$
25

 
$

 
$

Securities gains (losses)

 

 

 
(2
)
Other expense

 

 
(3
)
 

Total
$

 
$
25

 
$
(3
)
 
$
(2
)

Assets and liabilities under the fair value option
The following tables present the fair value and aggregate principal balance of certain assets and liabilities under the fair value option:
 
September 30, 2019
(dollar amounts in millions)
Total Loans
 
Loans that are 90 or more days past due
Assets
Fair value
carrying
amount
 
Aggregate
unpaid
principal
 
Difference
 
Fair value
carrying
amount
 
Aggregate
unpaid
principal
 
Difference
Loans held for sale
$
963

 
$
932

 
$
31

 
$
1

 
$
1

 
$

Loans held for investment
80

 
86

 
(6
)
 
4

 
6

 
(2
)
 
December 31, 2018
(dollar amounts in millions)
Total Loans
 
Loans that are 90 or more days past due
Assets
Fair value
carrying
amount
 
Aggregate
unpaid
principal
 
Difference
 
Fair value
carrying
amount
 
Aggregate
unpaid
principal
 
Difference
Loans held for sale
$
613

 
$
594

 
$
19

 
$

 
$

 
$

Loans held for investment
79

 
87

 
(8
)
 
6

 
7

 
(1
)
The following tables present the net gains (losses) from fair value changes for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
 
 
Net gains (losses) from fair value changes
 
Net gains (losses) from fair value changes
(dollar amounts in millions)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Assets
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Loans held for sale (1)
 
$
6

 
$
(4
)
 
$
12

 
$
(1
)
(1)
The net gains (losses) from fair value changes are included in Mortgage banking income on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Assets and Liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
Certain assets and liabilities may be required to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment. The amounts presented represent the fair value on the various measurement dates throughout the period. The gains (losses) represent the amounts recorded during the period regardless of whether the asset is still held at period end.
The amounts measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2019 were as follows:
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
(dollar amounts in millions)
Fair Value
 
Quoted Prices
In Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Other
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
Gains/(Losses)
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
MSRs
$
172

 
$

 
$

 
$
172

 
$
(38
)
Impaired loans
20

 

 

 
20

 
(1
)
Loans held for sale
36

 

 

 
36

 
(13
)

MSRs accounted for under the amortization method are subject to nonrecurring fair value measurement when the fair value is lower than the carrying amount.
Huntington records nonrecurring adjustments of collateral-dependent loans measured for impairment when establishing the ALLL. Such amounts are generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan. Appraisals are generally obtained to support the fair value of the collateral and incorporate measures such as recent sales prices for comparable properties and cost of construction. Periodically, in cases where the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, an impairment charge is recognized.
Loans held for sale are measured at lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined based on discounted cash flows or based on the fair value of the underlying collateral supporting the loan.
Significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis
The table below presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2019
(dollar amounts in millions)
Fair Value
 
Valuation Technique
 
Significant Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
MSRs
$
8

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Constant prepayment rate
 
0
 %
-
25
%
 
9
%
 
 
 
 
 
Spread over forward interest rate swap rates
 
5
 %
-
11
%
 
8
%
Derivative assets
11

 
Consensus Pricing
 
Net market price
 
(2
)%
-
14
%
 
2
%
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated Pull through %
 
1
 %
-
100
%
 
90
%
Derivative liabilities
3

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Estimated conversion factor
 
 
 
 
 
162
%
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated growth rate of Visa Class A shares
 
 
 
 
 
7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 Discount rate
 
 
 
 
 
2
%
 
 
 
 
 
Timing of the resolution of the litigation
 
 
 
 
 
6/30/2020

Municipal securities
3,094

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
2
 %
-
3
%
 
2
%
Asset-backed securities
55

 
 
 
Cumulative default
 
0
 %
-
64
%
 
4
%
 
 
 
 
 
Loss given default
 
5
 %
-
80
%
 
24
%
Loans held for investment
27

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
6
 %
-
6
%
 
6
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant prepayment rate
 
9
 %
-
12
%
 
9
%
Measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
MSRs
172

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Constant prepayment rate
 
12
 %
 
33
%
 
16
%
 
 
 
 
 
Spread over forward interest rate swap rates
 
5
 %
 
11
%
 
9
%
Impaired loans
20

 
Appraisal value
 
NA
 
 
 
 
 
NA

Loans held for sale
36

 
Appraisal value
 
NA
 
 
 
 
 
NA

 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018
(dollar amounts in millions)
Fair Value
 
Valuation Technique
 
Significant Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 
 
 
 
MSRs
$
10

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Constant prepayment rate
 
6
 %
-
54
%
 
8
%
 
 
 
 
 
Spread over forward interest rate swap rates
 
5
 %
-
11
%
 
8
%
Derivative assets
5

 
Consensus Pricing
 
Net market price
 
(5
)%
-
23
%
 
2
%
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated Pull through %
 
1
 %
-
100
%
 
92
%
Derivative liabilities
3

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Estimated conversion factor
 
 
 
 
 
163
%
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated growth rate of Visa Class A shares
 
 
 
 
 
7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 Discount rate
 
 
 
 
 
4
%
 
 
 
 
 
Timing of the resolution of the litigation
 
 
 
 
 
6/30/2020

Municipal securities
3,165

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
4
 %
-
4
%
 
4
%
 
 
 
 
 
Cumulative default
 
0
 %
-
39
%
 
3
%
 
 
 
 
 
Loss given default
 
5
 %
-
90
%
 
25
%
Loans held for investment
30

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
7
 %
-
9
%
 
9
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant prepayment rate
 
9
 %
-
9
%
 
9
%
Measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans
33

 
Appraisal value
 
NA
 
 
 
 
 
NA

Loans held for sale
121

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Discount rate
 
5
 %
-
6
%
 
5
%
 
24

 
Appraisal value
 
NA
 
 
 
 
 
NA


The following provides a general description of the impact of a change in an unobservable input on the fair value measurement and the interrelationship between unobservable inputs, where relevant/significant. Interrelationships may also exist between observable and unobservable inputs.
Credit loss estimates, such as probability of default, constant default, cumulative default, loss given default, cure given deferral, and loss severity, are driven by the ability of the borrowers to pay their loans and the value of the underlying collateral and are impacted by changes in macroeconomic conditions, typically increasing when economic conditions worsen and decreasing when conditions improve. An increase in the estimated prepayment rate typically results in a decrease in estimated credit losses and vice versa. Higher credit loss estimates generally result in lower fair values. Credit spreads generally increase when liquidity risks and market volatility increase and decrease when liquidity conditions and market volatility improve.
Discount rates and spread over forward interest rate swap rates typically increase when market interest rates increase and/or credit and liquidity risks increase, and decrease when market interest rates decline and/or credit and liquidity conditions improve. Higher discount rates and credit spreads generally result in lower fair market values.
Net market price and pull through percentages generally increase when market interest rates increase and decline when market interest rates decline. Higher net market price and pull through percentages generally result in higher fair values.
Fair values of financial instruments
The following table provides the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of Huntington’s financial instruments at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
September 30, 2019
(dollar amounts in millions)
Amortized Cost
 
Lower of Cost or Market
 
Fair Value or
Fair Value Option
 
Total Carrying Amount
 
Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and short-term assets
$
1,758

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,758

 
$
1,758

Trading account securities

 

 
118

 
118

 
118

Available-for-sale securities

 

 
14,286

 
14,286

 
14,286

Held-to-maturity securities
8,430

 

 

 
8,430

 
8,584

Other securities
401

 

 
54

 
455

 
455

Loans held for sale

 
101

 
963

 
1,064

 
1,067

Net loans and leases (1)
74,029

 

 
80

 
74,109

 
75,234

Derivatives

 

 
577

 
577

 
577

Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
82,395

 

 

 
82,395

 
82,398

Short-term borrowings
2,173

 

 

 
2,173

 
2,173

Long-term debt
9,874

 

 

 
9,874

 
10,075

Derivatives

 

 
127

 
127

 
127

 
December 31, 2018
(dollar amounts in millions)
Amortized Cost
 
Lower of Cost or Market
 
Fair Value or
Fair Value Option
 
Total Carrying Amount
 
Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and short-term assets
$
2,725

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,725

 
$
2,725

Trading account securities

 

 
105

 
105

 
105

Available-for-sale securities

 

 
13,780

 
13,780

 
13,780

Held-to-maturity securities
8,565

 

 

 
8,565

 
8,286

Other securities
543

 

 
22

 
565

 
565

Loans held for sale

 
191

 
613

 
804

 
806

Net loans and leases (1)
74,049

 

 
79

 
74,128

 
73,668

Derivatives

 

 
209

 
209

 
209

Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
84,774

 

 

 
84,774

 
84,731

Short-term borrowings
2,017

 

 

 
2,017

 
2,017

Long-term debt
8,625

 

 

 
8,625

 
8,718

Derivatives

 

 
187

 
187

 
187

(1)
Includes collateral-dependent loans measured for impairment.
The following table presents the level in the fair value hierarchy for the estimated fair values at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
Estimated Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 
September 30, 2019
(dollar amounts in millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account securities
$
29

 
$
89

 
$

 
$
118

Available-for-sale securities
10

 
11,127

 
3,149

 
14,286

Held-to-maturity securities

 
8,584

 

 
8,584

Other securities (1)
54

 

 

 
54

Loans held for sale

 
963

 
104

 
1,067

Net loans and direct financing leases

 
80

 
75,154

 
75,234

Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits

 
75,707

 
6,691

 
82,398

Short-term borrowings

 

 
2,173

 
2,173

Long-term debt

 
9,435

 
640

 
10,075

 
Estimated Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 
December 31, 2018
(dollar amounts in millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading account securities
$
78

 
$
27

 
$

 
$
105

Available-for-sale securities
5

 
10,610

 
3,165

 
13,780

Held-to-maturity securities

 
8,286

 

 
8,286

Other securities (1)
22

 

 

 
22

Loans held for sale

 
613

 
193

 
806

Net loans and direct financing leases

 
49

 
73,619

 
73,668

Financial Liabilities

 

 

 
 
Deposits

 
76,922

 
7,809

 
84,731

Short-term borrowings
1

 

 
2,016

 
2,017

Long-term debt

 
8,158

 
560

 
8,718


(1)
Excludes securities without readily determinable fair values.
The short-term nature of certain assets and liabilities result in their carrying value approximating fair value. These include trading account securities, customers’ acceptance liabilities, short-term borrowings, bank acceptances outstanding, FHLB advances, and cash and short-term assets, which include cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks, interest-bearing deposits at Federal Reserve Bank, federal funds sold, and securities purchased under resale agreements. Loan commitments and letters-of-credit generally have short-term, variable-rate features and contain clauses that limit Huntington’s exposure to changes in customer credit quality. Accordingly, their carrying values, which are immaterial at the respective balance sheet dates, are reasonable estimates of fair value.
Certain assets, the most significant being operating lease assets, bank owned life insurance, and premises and equipment, do not meet the definition of a financial instrument and are excluded from this disclosure. Similarly, mortgage and nonmortgage servicing rights, deposit base, and other customer relationship intangibles are not considered financial instruments and are not included above. Accordingly, this fair value information is not intended to, and does not, represent Huntington’s underlying value. Many of the assets and liabilities subject to the disclosure requirements are not actively traded, requiring fair values to be estimated by Management. These estimations necessarily involve the use of judgment about a wide variety of factors, including but not limited to, relevancy of market prices of comparable instruments, expected future cash flows, and appropriate discount rates.