Loans / Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
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Loans / Leases AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES |
3. LOANS / LEASES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Loan and Lease Portfolio Composition
The following table provides a detail listing of Huntington’s loan and lease portfolio at June
30, 2011, December 31, 2010, and June 30, 2010:
As shown in the table above, the primary loan and lease portfolios are: C&I, CRE, automobile,
home equity, residential mortgage, and other consumer. For ACL purposes, these portfolios are
further disaggregated into classes. The classes within the C&I portfolio are: owner occupied and
other C&I. The classes within the CRE portfolio are: retail properties, multi family, office,
industrial and warehouse, and other CRE. The classes within the home equity portfolio are:
first-lien loans and second-lien loans. The automobile, residential mortgage, and other consumer
portfolios are not further segregated into classes.
Pledged Loans and Leases
The Bank has access to the Federal Reserve’s discount window and advances from the FHLB —
Cincinnati. As of June 30, 2011, these borrowings and advances are secured by $17.3 billion of
loans and securities.
Franklin Relationship
Franklin is a specialty consumer finance company. On March 31, 2009, Huntington entered into
a transaction with Franklin in which a Huntington wholly-owned REIT subsidiary (REIT) exchanged
certain noncontrolling equity interests for a 100% interest in Franklin Asset Merger Sub, LLC (Merger Sub), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin. The
equity interests provided to Franklin by REIT were pledged by Franklin as collateral for the
Franklin commercial loans.
During the 2011 second quarter, Franklin’s equity interests in REIT were voluntarily
surrendered in return for a reduction of a portion of defaulted commercial loans as a result of a
default under the Legacy Credit Agreement. As of June 30, 2011, Franklin does not own any equity
interests in REIT.
Loan Purchases and Sales
The following table summarizes significant portfolio loan purchase and sale activity for the
six-month period ended June 30, 2011:
NALs and Past Due Loans
Loans are considered past due when the contractual amounts due with respect to principal and
interest are not received within 30 days of the contractual due date.
Any loan in any portfolio may be placed on nonaccrual status prior to the policies described
below when collection of principal or interest is in doubt.
All classes within the C&I and CRE portfolios are placed on nonaccrual status at 90-days past
due. Residential mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual status at 150-days past due, with the
exception of residential mortgages guaranteed by government organizations which continue to accrue
interest. First-lien and second-lien home equity portfolio are placed on nonaccrual status at
150-days past due and 120-days past due, respectively. Automobile and other consumer loans are not
placed on nonaccrual status, but are generally charged-off when the loan is 120-days past due. For
all classes within all loan portfolios, when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any accrued
interest income is reversed with current year accruals charged to interest income, and prior year
amounts charged-off as a credit loss.
For all classes within all loan portfolios, cash receipts received on NALs are applied
entirely against principal until the loan or lease has been collected in full, after which time any
additional cash receipts are recognized as interest income.
Regarding all classes within all portfolios, when, in Management’s judgment, the borrower’s
ability to make required principal and interest payments resumes and collectability is no longer in
doubt, and the loan has been brought current with respect to principal and interest, the loan or
lease is returned to accrual status. For these loans that have been returned to accrual status,
cash receipts are applied according to the contractual terms of the loan.
The following table presents NALs by loan class:
The following table presents an aging analysis of loans and leases, including past due loans,
by loan class: (1)
June 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
Allowance for Credit Losses
Huntington maintains two reserves, both of which reflect Management’s judgment regarding the
appropriate level necessary to absorb credit losses inherent in our loan and lease portfolio: the
ALLL and the AULC. Combined, these reserves comprise the total ACL. The determination of the ACL
requires significant estimates, including the timing and amounts of expected future cash flows on
impaired loans and leases, consideration of current economic conditions, and historical loss
experience pertaining to pools of homogeneous loans and leases, all of which may be susceptible to
change.
The appropriateness of the ACL is based on Management’s current judgments about the credit
quality of the loan portfolio. These judgments consider on-going evaluations of the loan and lease
portfolio, including such factors as the differing economic risks associated with each loan
category, the financial condition of specific borrowers, the level of delinquent loans, the value
of any collateral and, where applicable, the existence of any guarantees or other documented
support. Further, Management evaluates the impact of changes in interest rates and overall economic
conditions on the ability of borrowers to meet their financial obligations when quantifying our
exposure to credit losses and assessing the appropriateness of our ACL at each reporting date. In
addition to general economic conditions and the other factors described above, additional factors
also considered include: the impact of declining residential real estate values; the
diversification of CRE loans, particularly loans secured by retail properties; and the amount of
C&I loans to businesses in areas of Ohio and Michigan that have historically experienced less
economic growth compared with other footprint markets. Also, the ACL assessment includes the
on-going assessment of credit quality metrics, and a comparison of certain ACL benchmarks to
current performance. Management’s determinations regarding the appropriateness of the ACL are
reviewed and approved by the Company’s board of directors.
The ACL is increased through a provision for credit losses that is charged to earnings, based
on Management’s quarterly evaluation of the factors previously mentioned, and is reduced by
charge-offs, net of recoveries, and the ACL associated with securitized or sold loans.
The ALLL consists of two components: (1) the transaction reserve, which includes specific
reserves related to loans considered to be impaired and loans involved in troubled debt
restructurings, and (2) the general reserve. The transaction reserve component includes both (1)
an estimate of loss based on pools of commercial and consumer loans and leases with similar
characteristics and (2) an estimate of loss based on an impairment review of each C&I and CRE loan
greater than $1 million. For the C&I and CRE portfolios, the estimate of loss based on pools of
loans and leases with similar characteristics is made by applying a
PD factor and a LGD factor to each individual loan based on a continuously
updated loan grade, using a standardized loan grading system. The PD factor and LGD factor are
determined for each loan grade using statistical models based on historical performance data. The
PD factor considers on-going reviews of the financial performance of the specific borrower,
including cash flow, debt-service coverage ratio, earnings power, debt level, and equity position,
in conjunction with an assessment of the borrower’s industry and future prospects. The LGD factor
considers analysis of the type of collateral and the relative LTV ratio. These reserve factors are
developed based on credit migration models that track historical movements of loans between loan
ratings over time and a combination of long-term average loss experience of our own portfolio and
external industry data using a 24-month calculation period.
In the case of more homogeneous portfolios, such as automobile loans, home equity loans, and
residential mortgage loans, the determination of the transaction reserve also incorporates PD and
LGD factors, however, the estimate of loss is based on pools of loans and leases with similar
characteristics. The PD factor considers current credit scores unless the account is delinquent,
in which case a higher PD factor is used. The LGD factor considers analysis of the type of
collateral and the relative LTV ratio. Credit scores, models, analyses, and other factors used to
determine both the PD and LGD factors are updated frequently to capture the recent behavioral
characteristics of the subject portfolios, as well as any changes in loss mitigation or credit
origination strategies, and adjustments to the reserve factors are made as needed.
The general reserve consists of economic reserve and risk-profile reserve components. The
economic reserve component considers the potential impact of changing market and economic
conditions on portfolio performance. The risk-profile component considers items unique to our
structure, policies, processes, and portfolio composition, as well as qualitative measurements and
assessments of the loan portfolios including, but not limited to, management quality,
concentrations, portfolio composition, industry comparisons, and internal review functions.
The estimate for the AULC is determined using the same procedures and methodologies as used
for the ALLL. The loss factors used in the AULC are the same as the loss factors used in the ALLL
while also considering a historical utilization of unused commitments. The AULC is reflected in
accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The following table presents ALLL and AULC activity by portfolio segment for the three-month
and six-month periods ended June 30, 2011:
Any loan in any portfolio may be charged-off prior to the policies described below if a
loss confirming event has occurred. Loss confirming events include, but are not limited to,
bankruptcy (unsecured), continued delinquency, foreclosure, or receipt of an asset valuation
indicating a collateral deficiency and that asset is the sole source of repayment.
C&I and CRE loans are either charged-off or written down to net realizable value at 90-days
past due. Automobile loans and other consumer loans are charged-off at 120-days past due.
First-lien and second-lien home equity loans are charged-off to the estimated fair value of the
collateral at 150-days past due and 120-days past due, respectively. Residential mortgages are
charged-off to the estimated fair value of the collateral at 150-days past due.
Credit Quality Indicators
To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality for C&I and CRE loans, and for purposes of
determining an appropriate ACL level for these loans, Huntington utilizes the following categories
of credit grades:
Pass = Higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below.
OLEM = Potentially weak loans. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet represent a risk
given certain specific circumstances. If the potential weaknesses are not monitored or
mitigated, the asset may weaken or inadequately protect Huntington’s position in the future.
Substandard = Inadequately protected loans by the borrower’s ability to repay, equity, and/or
the collateral pledged to secure the loan. These loans have identified weaknesses that could
hinder normal repayment or collection of the debt. It is likely Huntington will sustain some
loss if any identified weaknesses are not mitigated.
Doubtful = Loans that have all of the weaknesses inherent in those loans classified as
Substandard, with the added elements of the full collection of the loan is improbable and
that the possibility of loss is high.
The categories above, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are
assigned upon initial approval of the loan or lease and subsequently updated as appropriate.
Commercial loans categorized as OLEM, Substandard, or Doubtful are considered Criticized
loans. Commercial loans categorized as Substandard or Doubtful are also considered Classified
loans.
For all classes within all consumer loan portfolios, each loan is assigned a specific PD
factor that is generally based on the borrower’s most recent credit bureau score (FICO), which we
update quarterly. A FICO credit bureau score is a credit score developed by Fair Isaac Corporation
based on data provided by the credit bureaus. The FICO credit bureau score is widely accepted as
the standard measure of consumer credit risk used by lenders, regulators, rating agencies, and
consumers. The higher the FICO credit bureau score, the higher likelihood of repayment and
therefore, an indicator of lower credit risk.
The following table presents loan and lease balances by credit quality indicator:
June 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
Impaired Loans
For all classes within the C&I and CRE portfolios, all loans with an outstanding balance of $1
million or greater are evaluated on a quarterly basis for impairment. Generally, consumer loans
within any class are not individually evaluated on a regular basis for impairment.
Once a loan has been identified for an assessment of impairment, the loan is considered
impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due
according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. This determination
requires significant judgment and use of estimates, and the eventual outcome may differ
significantly from those estimates.
When a loan in any class has been determined to be impaired, the amount of the impairment is
measured using the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective
interest rate or, as a practical expedient, the observable market price of the loan, or the fair
value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. When the present value of expected
future cash flows is used, the effective interest rate is the original contractual interest rate of
the loan adjusted for any premium or discount. When the contractual interest rate is variable, the
effective interest rate of the loan changes over time. A specific reserve is established as a
component of the ALLL when a loan has been determined to be impaired. Subsequent to the initial
measurement of impairment, if there is a significant change to the impaired loan’s expected future
cash flows, or if actual cash flows are significantly different from the cash flows previously
estimated, Huntington recalculates the impairment and appropriately adjusts the specific reserve.
Similarly, if Huntington measures impairment based on the observable market price of an impaired
loan or the fair value of the collateral of an impaired collateral dependent loan, Huntington will
adjust the specific reserve if there is a significant change in either of those bases.
When a loan within any class is impaired, the accrual of interest income is discontinued
unless the receipt of principal and interest is no longer in doubt. Interest income on TDRs is accrued when all principal and interest is expected to be
collected under the post-modification terms. Cash receipts received on nonaccruing impaired loans
within any class are generally applied entirely against principal until the loan has been collected
in full, after which time any additional cash receipts are recognized as interest income. Cash
receipts received on accruing impaired loans within any class are applied in the same manner as
accruing loans that are not considered impaired.
The following table presents summarized data for impaired loans and the related ALLL by
portfolio segment:
The following tables present detailed impaired loan information by class: (1),
(2)
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